Ancestral gene losses in the extinction icon? thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus, Harris 1808)
Understanding the genetic reasons behind animal extinctions can help us better protect endangered species today. In this study, Buddhabhushan and Nagarjun from the Department of Biological Sciences examined the extinct thylacine—also known as the Tasmanian tiger—to identify genes it lost over the course of its evolution. By comparing its genome with that of its closest living relative, the Tasmanian devil, they discovered that the thylacine had lost several key genes millions of years before its extinction. The lost genes are linked to functions like immunity, metabolism, and reproduction. One gene, SAMD9L, is especially interesting because its loss is connected to a diet of mostly meat, which fits the thylacine's shift toward hyper-carnivorous diet. The study also found that the thylacine lost many genes involved in smell, which matches its reduced brain region for scent processing—suggesting it relied more on vision for hunting. This research shows that gene loss can shape a species lifestyle and may even affect its ability to survive changes in the environment. By applying this method to other species—especially endangered ones—we could uncover hidden genetic weaknesses or adaptations, helping scientists and conservationists make smarter decisions to prevent future extinctions and aid conservation efforts. For more details, kindly visit https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2025.1339.
